![]() ![]() Regrettably, little is known about the molecular mode of action of many of these drugs or the mechanisms of resistance, although it has been contended that multidrug resistance to halofantrine, mefloquine, chloroquine, and quinine is due to mutations. Chloroquine and amodiaquine are synthetic antimalarials developed in the 1940s. Since all of the pathology of malaria is due to parasites multiplying in the blood, most antimalarials are directed at these rapidly dividing stages. ovale malarias also have the capacity to relapse that is, parasites can reappear in the blood after a period when none were present. Falciparum malaria accounts for 50% of all clinical malaria cases and is responsible for 95% of malaria-related deaths. Falciparum infections are more severe and, when untreated, can result in a mortality rate of 25% in adults. The long-term consequences of malaria infections are an enlarged spleen and liver as well as organ dysfunction. ![]() All of the pathology of malaria is due to parasite multiplication in erythrocytes. malariae, are transmitted through the bite of an infected female anopheline mosquito when, during blood feeding, she injects sporozoites from her salivary glands. ![]() The human malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum, P. ![]()
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